有英国，有英国，然后是伦敦。 。 三是有关的，但严格地说，伦敦似乎是世界上除了英国的其余部分，行军自身独特的节奏。
一切都在伦敦遇到的新的和不同的。 纵观历史，它的人民，时尚，趋势和街头生活一直表示的本质城市生活。 像纽约，伦敦是一个城市的不夜城。 数以百万计的游客抵达伦敦每年，其中许多人已经爱上了一半的城市。 你看到他们在伦敦地铁（管） ，在红色双层巴士，并跨入的士。 新的伦敦市中心区的交通，其中私营运输基本上是被禁止，使伦敦的风景名胜更通航比以往任何时候。 这也是可能的，而且非常愉快，步行通过城市步行，或租一辆自行车沿维多利亚路堤泰晤士河。
第一伦敦金融城
什么是今天伦敦曾经是一个小国，而不是无关紧要的解决所谓Plowida ，一个名称，意思是“解决的广泛河” 。 罗马人征服了该区域在二十一世纪，建立了强化城市伦迪尼乌姆约47 CE认证。 罗马城的伦敦面积约1平方公里。 罗马人修建一座桥梁横跨泰晤士河，并利用其银行作为航运港口为矿物和农产品。 伦迪尼乌姆增长很快在第二世纪，当它成为商业中心的罗马省份不列颠优越。
盎格鲁撒克逊市
在314 ，伦敦成为主教见皇帝的命令，康斯坦丁。 到那个时候，罗马帝国是越来越弱。 没有帝国的乘客，伦敦定居到了长期的下降。 的时候，罗马人已经正式离开了他们的殖民地不列颠在410 ，城市基本上是无人区。 经过近150年被遗弃，是盎格鲁撒克逊人抵达利用伦敦高屋建瓴的泰晤士河。 他们没有解决长期存在，但是，直到604 ，甚至选择不重建的废墟内的古老设防城市，但有些更远的西方。 新城市，命名为Lundenvic （ “伦敦港湾” ） ，被宣布为首都的英国埃塞克斯郡。 其中心在于以东的特拉法加广场的当前位置。
诺曼入侵
诺曼击败了盎格鲁撒克逊人在黑斯廷斯战役在1066年。 在进入伦敦，同年，威廉本人加冕登基成为英国国王的英国威斯敏斯特大教堂，它刚刚完成了一年前。 All British monarchs ever since that time have been crowned there. In order to discourage any remaining Anglo-Saxon warriors from revolting, William had three fortresses built. Of the three - Baynard’s Castle, Monfichet’s Castle and the Tower of London — only the last survives today. In the interest of gaining popularity and ensuring domestic peace, William openly adopted the same rights, privileges and laws that had governed London during the Anglo-Saxon period.
A city in its prime
The sixteenth century was probably London’s golden age. After the city of London annexed Westminster around 1600, it quickly became the centre of the British Empire. London was one of the most important European commercial cities on the North Sea, despite the fact that the city was located some 30 km away from the sea on the banks of the Thames estuary. During the late sixteenth century, London’s cultural renaissance was in full swing. A great many theatres were built along the south bank of the Thames, the most famous of which was the Globe, where many of William Shakespeare’s plays were first performed. The New London.
The Great Plague and Fire of 1665 and 1666 left London shaken to its very foundations. Over 70,000 people died of plague and nearly two-thirds of the city was consumed by flames. Architect Sir Christopher Wren was responsible for rebuilding London’s many destroyed churches, including St. Paul’s Cathedral. The destruction of residential buildings in the city led many residents to settle outside the city walls in new districts that became London’s first suburbs.
Most aristocrats never returned to their city mansions, preferring to build townhouses in the now prestigious West End. Dickens’ London. The nineteenth century saw the construction of many important buildings and squares, including Trafalgar Square, Westminster Palace and Big Ben, the Royal Albert Hall, the Victoria and Albert Museum, Tower Bridge and the University of London. Prosperous times, however, are often accompanied by a dark shadow. Millions of the less fortunate were forced to live in overpopulated, filthy slums and suburbs. This was the London immortalized by Charles Dickens in novels like Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. By the turn of the twentieth century, London was far and away the biggest city on Earth: a whopping 6.6 million people lived there in 1901. At the time, London was undoubtedly the most powerful city in the world.
The ravages of war
London was badly damaged during World War II. The German Luftwaffe thoroughly destroyed its once uniform cityscape of Georgian and Victorian buildings, leaving large parts of the city centre and most of the East End completely levelled. After the war, housing complexes were built cheaply and rapidly. London’s docklands never recovered economically from the effects of World War II. Ship traffic was rerouted and the old piers and warehouses fell further into ruin, until city planners rediscovered the district in the 1980s.
Redevelopment has made Docklands one of London’s hottest commercial and residential locations. A wonderland of things to see. There is a greater concentration of important sights and tourist attractions in London than anywhere else in Britain. Greenwich Park, Westminster Palace and Abbey, the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Tower of London are all on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Many of London’s most popular museums offer free admission. Recent additions include British Airway’s gigantic big wheel. Known as the London Eye, it is actually a slowly rotating observation platform from which most of the city can be seen. Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum, the changing of the guard at Buckinham Palace, a tour of the Tower of London, the Flower Market on Sundays, the bustle of Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square … the list is endless.
The finest entertainment
Those eager for culture will find that the British capital is full of variety. While the mostly modern cultural facilities may look like nondescript concrete blocks from the outside, world-class performances are underway within. The Barbican Arts Centre is a case in point. Opinions about the exterior are divided; although it has its fans, it has also been described as an architect’s nightmare. Still, there is no disagreement on the excellence of its presentations, which include performances by the Royal Shakespeare Company, the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Classical Orchestra. Visitors should not miss an opportunity to attend a performance here. Breath of fresh air in the city. London does have a number of tranquil oases amidst the hectic activity of the city. London’s numerous parks are popular destinations for those who like to stroll out in the open air. Hyde Park is located in west-central London. This spacious park was once a royal hunting ground, the scene of bloody duels and executions, as well as a venue for exciting horse races. During World War II, it was transformed into a gigantic potato field. Today it is a fresh-air getaway for sun worshippers, or for those who want to take a boat ride on the Serpentine, its sinuous lake.
One corner of the park, near Marble Arch, is known as Speaker’s Corner, where anyone can stand up and express his or her opinion before a more-or-less interested audience. In Regents Park, near London Zoo, the lovely Queen Mary Rose Gardens are a wonderful place to pause and reflect after a busy day of seeing the very many wonderful sights of London. Finally, the ambitious tourist may want to take a double-decker bus or taxi north to Hampstead Heath, another vantage point that offers a magnificent view of the entire city.
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